Koordinaattimittauskoneen mittausepävarmuuden määrittäminen

Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana oli Seinäjoen ammattikorkeakoulun konelaboratorio. Konelaboratorio on tarkoitettu pääasiassa opiskelija käyttöön, mutta siellä voidaan myös tarjota yrityksille erilaisia palveluita. Työn tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten mittausepävarmuus määritetään koordinaattimittauskoneelle. Tämän jälkeen määritettiin mittausepävarmuus SeAMK konelaboratorion mittauskoneelle. Mittausepävarmuus on määritetty standardin ISO 14523 – 2 mukaan ja asetuksen EA 4/02 suositusten mukaan. Mittausepävarmuuden määrittäminen on tärkeää mitattaessa tarkaksi toleroituja mittoja, jotta voidaan olla varmoja tulosten oikeellisuudesta. Tärkeimpinä tietoina mittausepävarmuuden selvittämiseksi ovat laskentakaavat ja ohjeet erilaisten koneen suorituskykytestien tekemiseksi. Tärkeätä oli myös tietää koneen kalibrointiin ja virheiden eliminointiin vaadittavia asioita, jotta tulosten oikeellisuudesta voitiin olla varmoja. Määrittämiseen käytettiin koululta löytyviä mittapaloja, koneelle tehtyjen kalibrointien tuloksia ja muita valmiina koululla olevia välineitä. Tähän voidaan käyttää myös porrasmittapalaa tai reikälevyä, mutta se ei ollut tässä tapauksessa tarpeellista. Kun myös mittausepävarmuuden määrittämiseen liittyvät toistettavuustestit oli suoritettu, laskettiin laajennettu epävarmuus. Mittausepävarmuuden määrittämisen jälkeen työssä perehdyttiin tilojen akkreditoinnin teknisen puolen kehittämiseen mitattujen tulosten pohjalta. Tällaisia mitattavia mittauksen ulkopuolisia tekijöitä ovat lämpötilan vaikutukset, värinä ja suhteellinen ilmankosteus. Tämän jälkeen tutkittiin mittahuoneen sopivuutta erittäin tarkkoihin mittauksiin. Tuloksia analysoitiin ja pohdittiin kehittämiseen vaadittavia toimenpiteitä mittaustilojen teknistä akkreditointia varten. Tärkeää on huomioida se, että tilojen akkreditointi vaatii myös johdon sitoutumisen, mutta tähän asiaan työssä ei paneuduttu.The client for this thesis was the machine laboratory of Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences. The machine laboratory is generally meant for a student use but there is also possibility to offer different kinds of services for companies. The purpose for this thesis was to examine how measuring the uncertainty is determined by a coordinate measuring machine. After this we determined the uncertainty of the measurement for the coordinate measuring machine in the Seinäjoki UAS machine laboratory. The uncertainty of the measurement is determined by the ISO standard 14523 – 2 and with setting EA 4/02 recommendations. The uncertainty of the measurement is important when measuring the accurate measures that we can be sure of those measures being right. The most important information for determining the measuring uncertainty is the formula for calculation and the guidelines of the machine performance tests. Also it is important to know about the calibration of the machines and eliminating the mistakes of measuring that we were sure about the validity of the measures. For determining we used the gauge blocks, results from the earlier calibrations and other equipment that we were able to find at school. For determining you can also use the step gauge or perforated plate but in this work it was not necessary. After we had finished the repeatability tests with the machine we were able to calculate the extended uncertainty. After determining the uncertainty we got familiarized with the accreditation of the measuring range from the technical point of view. This was done by measuring the results of the range. These measured objects were the temperature effects, vibration and relative humidity. After this we researched the suitability of the measuring areas for accurate measuring. The results were analyzed and the development of actions needed for the technical accreditation of the measuring range considered. It is important to notice is that the accreditation requires also the commitment of the management but this work does not focus on that thing

Rasva- ja valkuaisainepitoisuuden suhteesta suomalaisessa maidossa

The present investigation deals with the determination of the relation between the fat and protein contents of Finnish milk as well as the possibility of estimating the casein content by the formol titration method described by Walker, modified by McDowall and Dolby. The ratio of protein to fat in Finnish milk is lower than in the other Northern Countries. In the past 30 years the ratio of protein to fat in Finnish milk has been slightly reduced, apparently owing both to the feeding and to the influence of breeding, which have tended to increase the fat content. It is well known that in milk samples with a high fat content the protein content is proportionally lower than in milk with a fat content below the average. The correlation between the fat and total protein contents both in bulk milk and in milk samples from various herds is, from a practical point of view, the same as the correlation between their fat and casein contents. The smaller the portion of milk involved, the more difficult it is to estimate its protein content from the fat percentage. The correlation between fat and protein contents in bulk milk is, again, much more stable than in milk from individual cows. The correlation coefficient for the fat and protein contents in bulk milk is + 0.726 ± 0.06, the corresponding coefficient in milk from various herds is + 0.535 ± 0.05 and in milk samples from individual cows, + 0.432 ± 0.07. The respective correlation coefficients for the fat and casein contents are: + 0.735 ± 0.05; + 0.590± 0.03 and + 0.277 ± 0.09. The casein percentages in milk samples from various herds and in those from individual cows have been determined by the formol titration method. For the calculation of the conversion factor between formol valne and true casein content, the latter has also been determined by the A.O.A.C. method, after which the conversion factor has been given as the ratio between the A.O.A.C. value and the formol valne. The accuracy of the various determinations with formol titration is indicated by the standard deviations (table 2). The standard deviations of the conversion factors indicate that the casein content of milk samples from various herds can be estimated with an accuracy of ± 5 %. The accuracy of casein estimations in milk samples from individual cows is on the average ± 13 %, which cannot be considered adequate even for practical purposes. In addition, the conversion factors reveal seasonal fluctuations which are due to the proportional variations between casein and other protein components in various milk samples

A novel partial de novo duplication of JARID2 gene causing a neurodevelopmental phenotype

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Background: Deletions covering the entire or partial JARID2 gene as well as pathogenic single nucleotide variants leading to haploinsufficiency of JARID2 have recently been shown to cause a clinically distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome. Here, we present a previously undescribed partial de novo duplication of the JARID2 gene in a patient displaying features similar to those of patients with JARID2 loss-of-function variants. Case report: The index patient presents with abnormalities in gross motor skills and speech development as well as neuropsychiatric disorders. The patient has markedly dark infraorbital circles and slightly prominent supraorbital ridges.Whole-genome sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridization revealed a novel disease-causing variant type, a partial tandem duplication of JARID2, covering the exons 1–7. Furthermore, RNA sequencing validated the increased expression of these exons. Expression alterations were also detected in target genes of the PRC2 complex, in which JARID2 acts as an essential member. Conclusion: Our data add to the variety of different pathogenic variants associated with JARID2 neurodevelopmental syndrome.Peer reviewe

Hemodynamic comparison of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with theSAPIEN3 Ultra versusSAPIEN3 : TheHomoSAPIENregistry

Objectives The study aims to compare the hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of the SAPIEN 3 Ultra (S3-Ultra) with the SAPIEN 3 (S3) system in patients who underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF-TAVR). Background The new balloon-expandable S3-Ultra system incorporates new features to reduce paravalvular leakage (PVL). However, the data after the S3-Ultra implantation is very limited. Methods A total of 282 consecutive patients who underwent TF-TAVR with the S3-Ultra and the S3 were evaluated. The primary outcome of this study was to compare the incidence of >= mild PVL after the S3-Ultra and S3 implantation. Results Between June 2017 and November 2019, 141 patients with the S3-Ultra and 141 patients with the S3 were identified with similar baseline and preprocedural imaging characteristics (mean age: 79.6 +/- 6.7 years and mean aortic annulus area: 492.5 +/- 91.2 mm(2)). In total, 83 patients (29.4%) were treated with 29-mm valve. Predischarge echocardiography demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of >= mild PVL (the total cohort: 7.2 vs. 22.3%,p = mild PVL compared with the S3 system in multivariate analysis. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes at 30-day between these groups, except for the lower incidence of major vascular complication (4.5 vs. 11.4%,p= .05) in patients with the S3-Ultra. Conclusions In this registry, the S3-Ultra system performed superiorly to the S3, as demonstrated by reduced >= mild PVL, with comparable safety.Peer reviewe

Hemodynamic comparison of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with theSAPIEN3 Ultra versusSAPIEN3 : TheHomoSAPIENregistry

Objectives The study aims to compare the hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of the SAPIEN 3 Ultra (S3-Ultra) with the SAPIEN 3 (S3) system in patients who underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF-TAVR). Background The new balloon-expandable S3-Ultra system incorporates new features to reduce paravalvular leakage (PVL). However, the data after the S3-Ultra implantation is very limited. Methods A total of 282 consecutive patients who underwent TF-TAVR with the S3-Ultra and the S3 were evaluated. The primary outcome of this study was to compare the incidence of >= mild PVL after the S3-Ultra and S3 implantation. Results Between June 2017 and November 2019, 141 patients with the S3-Ultra and 141 patients with the S3 were identified with similar baseline and preprocedural imaging characteristics (mean age: 79.6 +/- 6.7 years and mean aortic annulus area: 492.5 +/- 91.2 mm(2)). In total, 83 patients (29.4%) were treated with 29-mm valve. Predischarge echocardiography demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of >= mild PVL (the total cohort: 7.2 vs. 22.3%,p = mild PVL compared with the S3 system in multivariate analysis. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes at 30-day between these groups, except for the lower incidence of major vascular complication (4.5 vs. 11.4%,p= .05) in patients with the S3-Ultra. Conclusions In this registry, the S3-Ultra system performed superiorly to the S3, as demonstrated by reduced >= mild PVL, with comparable safety.Peer reviewe

Having it all: auto-graders reduce workload yet increase the quantity and quality of feedback

Due to COVID-19, teaching has moved online at an accelerated pace, and this movement will partially be permanent. Online teaching implies an automatic assessment of exercises. Using automated grading, the studied web development course (N=257) managed to serve students promptly and increase the amount of feedback received by students even if the number of submissions increased remarkably. Automatic graders guaranteed the uniformity of feedback, equal treatment, and most importantly, reduced the routine work of the personnel. Being less burdened, the course personnel could concentrate on assisting students in online discussion channels, where discussions were targeted for the students needing more help and support. Compared with previous manually assisted course implementations, the workload moved from "in situ" to prior to the course, where the most laborious part was the design of the exercises and the implementation of automatic graders. The amount of work for grading the exercises and assignment was decreased by about 70 per cent. In the graders, the feedback given by them is of paramount importance and should suggest necessary improvements. The graders enforced good coding conventions and other targets set for the code (e.g., maintainability and accessibility). In some cases, this feedback was modified during the course based on the difficulties experienced to give more targeted advice. Automatic grading provided a way for students to iteratively improve their code based on the feedback. The software and methods used in this course could be applied to such other courses and domains, where automatic grading is considered helpful.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

“Why is this course pushing functional programming?” - educating well-rounded web developers with functional JavaScript

Imperative, object-oriented, and multi-paradigm programming languages are dominant in higher education. However, the use of functional languages is emerging. In parallel, features supporting functional paradigm (FP) have been added to languages traditionally categorized to other paradigms. Students benefit from fluency with several paradigms. In the studied primary Web Development course, JavaScript was used to familiarize students with selected features of the FP. The grading of the FP exercises was automatic. The automatic graders guaranteed the uniformity of feedback, treating each student’s submissions equally. Exercise graders accepted multiple submissions, and their feedback suggested code improvements to students. After each of the ten exercise modules, students (N=257) estimated the topic difficulty and gave feedback. The post-module questionnaires emphasized FP topics in particular. The results show that students are aware of programming paradigms, but more support should be offered when learning new ones, for instance, having more concrete instructions and hands-on videos. The need for more instructions was apparent as, after the course’s FP introduction, some students were still easily confused about such abstract FP concepts as ‘functions as first-class citizens’. However, exercise results showed that students learned to use the taught FP features. They found them difficult, but for example, the JavaScript concurrency model was found to be more difficult.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Audit of the University of Turku 2015

The Finnish Education Evaluation Centre has conducted an audit of the University of Turku. Based on the audit report, the Higher Education Evaluation Committee has decided to require the institution to undergo a re-audit. The audit took place throughout 2014 with the final decision being made in early 2015